Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods from Three Native Fast-Growing Species in a Secondary Forest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Abstract
Growth characteristics and basic wood properties of three native fast-growing species, terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume), medang (Neolitsea latifolia (Blume) S. Moore), and balik angin (Alphitonia excelsa (Fenzel) Reissek ex Benth), were investigated. All three species are grown in a secondary forest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. No significant correlations between growth characteristics (stem diameter and tree height) and stress-wave velocity of the stems were found. The mean basic density (BD) for whole trees of terap, medang, and balik angin were 0.34, 0.55, and 0.39 g cm−3, respectively. The BD in medang wood was similar in both radial and longitudinal directions. On the other hand, the BD gradually increased from pith to bark, decreased from 1 to 3 m above the ground, and then gradually increased to the top of the tree in terap and balik angin. Significant positive correlations between radial and tangential shrinkages and BD were found. Compressive strength parallel to grain and air-dry density also showed high positive correlations for all species. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in wood properties among the five sample trees in each species.
Relationships between growth characteristics and stress-wave velocity in three species. Circles, squares, and triangles indicate terap, medang, and balik angin, respectively. n = number of trees; r = correlation coefficient; ns = not significant; ** = significant at the 1 percent level.
Relationship between stress-wave velocity of stem and mean dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of logs. Circles, squares, and triangles indicate terap, medang, and balik angin, respectively. n = number of trees; r = correlation coefficient; ** = significant at the 1 percent level.
Radial variations of basic density at 1.0 m above the ground. Squares, circles, triangles, diamonds, and crosses indicate individual samples.
Longitudinal variations of basic density. Squares, circles, triangles, diamonds, and crosses indicate Trees 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Relationships between basic density and shrinkage per 1 percent change in moisture content. n = number of trees; r = correlation coefficient; ** = significant at the 1 percent level.
Relationships between air-dry density and compressive strength parallel to grain. n = number of samples; r = correlation coefficient; ** = significant at the 1 percent level.
Contributor Notes
The authors are, respectively, Graduate Student, United Graduate School of Agric., Tokyo Univ. of Agric. Technol., Tokyo, Japan, and Lecturer, Faculty of Forestry, Lambung Mangkurat Univ., Banjarbaru, Indonesia (50012953901@st.tuat.ac.jp); Associate Professor and Graduate Student, Faculty of Agric., Utsunomiya Univ., Utsunomiya, Japan (ishiguri@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp [corresponding author], ma128501@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp); Graduate Student and Graduate Student, United Graduate School of Agric., Tokyo Univ. of Agric. Technol., Tokyo, Japan (50011953901@st.tuat.ac.jp, 50012953006@st.tuat.co.jp); Associate Professor, Faculty of Agric., Utsunomiya Univ., Utsunomiya, Japan (kiizuka@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp); Lecturer, Faculty of Forestry, Lambung Mangkurat Univ., Banjarbaru, Indonesia; Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agric. Univ., Bogor, Indonesia; and Professor, Faculty of Agric., Utsunomiya Univ., Utsunomiya, Japan (yokotas@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp). This paper was received for publication in July 2013. Article no. 13‐00069.